- US made possible efforts to avoid war and made a number of Neutrality Laws.
- As war progressed England and France had setbacks, new neutrality laws were created.
- The Atlantic Charter :-
- First effort for peace before joining the war.
- Drafted by Theodre Roosevelt and Churchill at Newfoundland ( reassembled the fourteen points issued by Wilson during WWI) .
- It renounced that any territorial gains laid down the principles for a better future for the world.
- It emphasized the that people had the right to choose the type of government ,ceasing of aggression and natural resources to be shared.
- Burden and fear must be removed ,free-trade and internal co-operation issued and World peace to be established.
- Conference of Casablanca :-
- Conference hosted by Roosevelt and Churchill at Casablanca in Moroco on January 1943.
- Two powers announced their decision to continue the war until the “Unconditional Surrender” of the enemy.
- It is very significant as it resulted in the postponement of the Normandy Invasion until 1944.
- Moscow Conference :-
- Held on October 1948.
- Peace effort made at the Secretary Hull, Moscow by the British Foreign Minister Antony Eden and the German Foreign Minister Vyacheslov Molotov.
- The declaration was signed on “ Promised permanent co-operation and the establishment of general international organization based on the sovereign of the peace loving states.
- Yalta Conference :-
- Held on February 1945.
- Both Britain and Moscow didn’t live up to the promise — i. Russia drove out Poland and established a communist government without consulting the allies. ii. Britain set up a conservative regime in Greece without the knowledge of the allies.
- Roosevelt to make a sort of understanding created this ,where the top officials of both the countries attended along with the U.S.
- They Decided to divide Germany into four parts, for the armies of G.B, U.S ,Russia and France to occupy.
- Took oath that Liberated and Interim government would be set up.
- Potsdam Conference :-
- Held from July17 to August 2 ,1945.
- Last peace conference.
- Hosted and attended by Truman, Attlee and Stalin.
- It was set up by a Council of foreign minister for the Peace Settlement.
- It drafted treaties with Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland.
- It made efforts to bring Disarmament and Promote Democracy.
- B and Russia were coordinated by a Central Council.
- San-Francisco Conference :-
- Held on 1945.
- In October 1943, Foreign ministers of U.S, G.B, China and Russia met up to make and general international organization for peace and security.
- In pursuance to this agreement fifty Anti-Axis nation’s representatives met at San-Francisco, California on April 1945.
- Primary work was the maintenance of the peace agreement made at the Dumbarton Oaks in late 1944.
- This conference made a new pact of making a World Organization instead of writing Pace treaties.
- The Charter for the United Nations (UN) was accepted when proposed by Roosevelt , one year later the Security Council was made with 11 members, where the countries U.S , G.B , France , China were made permanent and enjoyed the right of the veto. Six members were elected or a peros of two years.