US made possible efforts to avoid war and made a number of Neutrality Laws.
As war progressed England and France had setbacks, new neutrality laws were created.
The Atlantic Charter :-
First effort for peace before joining the war.
Drafted by Theodre Roosevelt and Churchill at Newfoundland ( reassembled the fourteen points issued by Wilson during WWI) .
It renounced that any territorial gains laid down the principles for a better future for the world.
It emphasized the that people had the right to choose the type of government ,ceasing of aggression and natural resources to be shared.
Burden and fear must be removed ,free-trade and internal co-operation issued and World peace to be established.
Conference of Casablanca :-
Conference hosted by Roosevelt and Churchill at Casablanca in Moroco on January 1943.
Two powers announced their decision to continue the war until the “Unconditional Surrender” of the enemy.
It is very significant as it resulted in the postponement of the Normandy Invasion until 1944.
Moscow Conference :-
Held on October 1948.
Peace effort made at the Secretary Hull, Moscow by the British Foreign Minister Antony Eden and the German Foreign Minister Vyacheslov Molotov.
The declaration was signed on “ Promised permanent co-operation and the establishment of general international organization based on the sovereign of the peace loving states.
Yalta Conference :-
Held on February 1945.
Both Britain and Moscow didn’t live up to the promise — i. Russia drove out Poland and established a communist government without consulting the allies. ii. Britain set up a conservative regime in Greece without the knowledge of the allies.
Roosevelt to make a sort of understanding created this ,where the top officials of both the countries attended along with the U.S.
They Decided to divide Germany into four parts, for the armies of G.B, U.S ,Russia and France to occupy.
Took oath that Liberated and Interim government would be set up.
Potsdam Conference :-
Held from July17 to August 2 ,1945.
Last peace conference.
Hosted and attended by Truman, Attlee and Stalin.
It was set up by a Council of foreign minister for the Peace Settlement.
It drafted treaties with Italy, Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland.
It made efforts to bring Disarmament and Promote Democracy.
B and Russia were coordinated by a Central Council.
San-Francisco Conference :-
Held on 1945.
In October 1943, Foreign ministers of U.S, G.B, China and Russia met up to make and general international organization for peace and security.
In pursuance to this agreement fifty Anti-Axis nation’s representatives met at San-Francisco, California on April 1945.
Primary work was the maintenance of the peace agreement made at the Dumbarton Oaks in late 1944.
This conference made a new pact of making a World Organization instead of writing Pace treaties.
The Charter for the United Nations (UN) was accepted when proposed by Roosevelt , one year later the Security Council was made with 11 members, where the countries U.S , G.B , France , China were made permanent and enjoyed the right of the veto. Six members were elected or a peros of two years.
