THE COURSE OF THE WAR (1937-1941) THE INITIAL STAGE In the beginning the Japanese were able to occupy all the strategic points outside Peking. The united china faced the challenge boldly .All the political parties including the communists rallied under the banner of china who declared “ Let there be no distinction between north and […]

Following Japan’s conquest of Manchuria in 1931, politics carried both china and Japan ever closer to a broader conflict. The Chinese nationalism, often unorganized in coherent, even leaderless had become vehement against foreign encroachment. In Japan also the militarist, flushed with success influenced the politicians to find solutions of their hostilities on a grand scale […]

The emergence of Communist power in China is extricably bound up with thw personal career of Mao-Tse-Tung. The figure and personality of Mao-Tse-tung dominated China from 1920 to 1976. It is obviously not possible to understand without recognising the significant and magnificent role that Mao had played to shaping them and giving them a direction. […]

Introduction After the victory over the Kuomintang the communists proclaimed the establishment of the people republic of china in 1949. The new government was essentially a communist dictatorship. The new government was based on three documents: the original law of the Chinese people political consultative conference (CPPCC), the organic law of the central people governments, […]

China’s discomfiture at the Paris Peace Conference proved to be the last straw that broke the came’s back . The people had held high hopes ,but they were frustrated. The news of the Western Nation’s betrayal of the Chinese interests on the Shantung question reached China on April 30, 1919.Immediately there was a wave of […]

The New Constitution (1889) It may be that Japan’s great response to the onslaught of western civilisation came in the form of a new constitution. The new constitution combined the best elements of Japanese tradition and western modernity. The divine origin of the kingship continued but was based on a democratic framework. It was product […]

Economic Development             The economic roots of the country lay deep in the feudal structure of society and this had to change. Therefore, the Meiji leaders desired to bring about this change and their goal was similar to that of western nations to build a strong economic base. Fortunately Japan enjoyed peace and stability after […]

Abolition of Feudalism:             The compensation package for the daimyos (feudal lords) was in the form of a pension amounting to one-tenth of the revenue they would have derived from their fiefs. In some cases, it included the debts incurred by them. In any case the one-tenth compensation was indeed higher than the nominal income […]

Introduction: The Meiji Restoration also known as the Meiji Ishin, Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan after […]