INTRODUCTION: Since the dawn of civilization human beings have communicated through gestures, symbols, sounds, words and written media like clay tablets, papyrus, parchment, and palm leaf. The beginning of the 15th century heralded the use of printed books and journals and of late through electronic media. During the past two thousand years of human history, […]
Read More »Introduction De-acidification refers to chemical treatments meant to slow down the acid hydrolysis and embrittlement of books and paper documents that had been printed on acidic paper. From the early 1800s up to about 1990, papermakers used aluminum sulfate, an acidic compound, in most printing papers. Certain deacidification methods use non-aqueous media to distribute alkaline […]
Read More »Advantages and Disadvantages of Microphotography Advantages of Microphotography: Since the first practical microfilm camera was developed in 1928 microfilm has become more and more versatile. The most common uses by archives are as follows: For Referencing: The purpose is to provide the researcher with exact copies of documents at a cost far less than […]
Read More »Uses of Microphotography Microphotography can solve a number of problems in the archives. Firstly, microphotographs need much less filing space than the original publications. When carefully prepared, micro-records have a higher degree of permanence than most modern papers. [1] They are easily and quickly produced at low cost. For these reasons, microphotographs of manuscripts, […]
Read More »Types of Microforms The term “Microform” covers all forms of micro-images – these may be transparent or opaque, and they may be in the form of film rolls of various widths and lengths, in the form of film strips, or in the form of sheets or cards of various sizes. All microforms are reduced […]
Read More »Introduction Microphotography refers to the process by which documents, records, and other archival sources are photographed into a miniature or microscopic size. [1] They have many applications in science and industry, the most extensive being the microphotographic reproduction of documents. The advantages of the use of photographic reduction in recording documents are so obvious […]
Read More »Introduction The international council on archives (ICA), the offspring of UNESCO, was established in 1950 as a worldwide organization for the archival profession. It functions as universal organizations to promote awareness among people about the value and use of achieves. It has made remarkable contributions in the sphere of archival developments at regional, national and […]
Read More »Papyrus Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyprus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined together side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of […]
Read More »FLOOD DAMAGE DOCUMENTS Documents damaged in floods and with deposits of mud are washed in thermostatically controlled stainless-steel sinks containing a mixture of water and 0.05 per cent PREVENTOL as a fungicide. The solution is kept at approximately 400 C. The sheets are washed on floating wooden boards held still by stainless-steel angle irons, […]
Read More »Introduction A document which has accumulated a lot of dust, has pencil marks or is otherwise soiled, spotted or stained, and is folded, requires cleaning, washing and flattening. Techniques for the purpose require a good knowledge of the constituent materials of the document, together with common sense. Before applying them, the restorer should […]
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